Definition of biblical law : study of its synonyms in Psalms 119

Abstract

The understanding of the meaning of "law" is among Christians. The root cause of this common misunderstanding should be searched for in the attitude of the believers toward the meaning of law in the Bible. The most frequently used term for law in the Old Testament is the Hebrew tora. The meaning of tora varies. To the Jews the meaning ranges from the whole Hebrew Bible to the Pentateuch, and even to the Decalogue. The Christian understanding of law differs from that of the Jews. Law is negatively understood by many Christians, and even connotes legalism. In contrast, a positive understanding sees tora as a privilege, a promise, a gift from God. The purpose of this study is to define and identify the positive meaning of "law." The method of study is a thematic-exegetical approach and contextual word studies of the synonyms of tora in Psalm 119. The usage and meaning of tora and its synonyms in Psalm 119 is significant in understanding the meaning of law. This study reveals that in psalm 119, the psalmist paints the meaning of law in vibrant multicolors with enthusiasm and delight. This study supports a constructive understanding which views law more from its positive virtues than from its negative aspects. An analysis of the concept of the meaning of tora in the OT shows that, basically, it means ,instruction, or "teaching.". The etymological findings support the derived meaning of tora. The meanings of the eight synonyms of tora used by the plarmist in Psalm 119 define the positive meaning of tora. (1) ,"-gq! means "reminders"; (2) derek means "way [of living], lifestyle"; (3) piqqiatn means "orders, directions [for sustentation or provision]"; (4) .f;dg means "prescriptiontr"; (5) miqwd means "right, claim"; (6) mi9pat means "deliverance, right, salvation"; (7) ddb6.r means "word, word. of God"; and (8) , imrA means "promise." With such meanings, tora cannot be understood legalistic "law," but "teaching" or "instruction" stipulating both responsibilities and rights. It is a promise prescribed by God for one's deliverance and happiness, God's revelation that can be loved by man.